Evaluation for TV News - Sans Vanitas News

In this project, we were told to create a news channel with a TV News Package and a promotional video for that news package. I was put in charge of writing the script for both the news package and also the promotional video. I wanted to try and challenge myself as I have never written a script for television before especially for news. I found this very challenging as I struggled to make the dialogue something that would be said in the news, fortunately I managed to finish the script with time to spare.  

Additionally, we decided that we would not do a shot-list or a storyboard as the shots that we had planned were not changing as much so we thought those two paperwork wouldn't be necessary however if there was a lot of shots planned and if we were filming in a proper TV show baseroom and doing it live, beside from doing it in front of a small green screen, we would've taken the shot list and storyboard into consideration. One of the problems that we had when in the pre-production stage was our financial advisor that we had planned to interview for the cryptocurrency portion of our news package unfortunately said that he couldn't make the interview, so we were in need of a finance expert, someone that knows a bit about cryptocurrency, to interview.

Fortunately, we did a Facebook post on a local community group, looking for a cryptocurrency expert, and a man called Lawrence Ray, who said that he was the co-owner and head of a Brazilian cryptocurrency brokerage, a company that buys or sells goods/assets for clients. He also said he is working part-time with another cryptocurrency industry company. He also mentioned that he was currently in Spain on a business trip but he was more than happy to do a Zoom interview for us. This was a good thing to hear, but it did mean that we had to go with our backup plan which was doing some split screen shots to show authenticity and professionalism. 

One other problem that we faced when we were in the production stage was that the producer, who was also the live OB (outside broadcaster), changed the script a bit for the racism in football part. This was out of my control to change as I was not on set to hear the change of words, so in the future when doing more projects like this, I will make sure to work more closely with the producer to make sure they are happy with what is going to be said for the final product and that no changes will be necessary when filming the main news package at the last minute. We also wanted to interview someone from the Gillingham stadium, which is where we were filming outside of for our live OB, but unfortunately we never heard back from them.

When editing the final product, we stumbled on two problems, the camera kept on jumping around and not staying in one place so there are a lot of jump cuts in the live OB and in the audio you can hear my hair rustling on the microphone and you can hear Joey's coat rustling against the microphone, to prevent this next project we will look back at all of the footage on site so if we need to record again we can. If we had more time to complete this unit, we would try to approach the people of Gillingham stadium a lot more earlier than we did to get a response to even out the two news stories, try and do some advanced graphics like the news anchors names across the screen when introducing them to the audience to make the broadcast look professional and try and listen to the audio on site to see how it sounded or do a sound check to see what it sounded like and to make sure that the camera is static on site, meaning staying still or on a tripod.

Overall, I am very pleased with how this video turned out as this unit has taught me about a new type of script that I hadn't done before but I am really happy that I challenged myself because I think it turned out very well.

Sans Vanitas News Promo

Sans Vanitas News Package (Full)

Test Shoots Sans Vanitas News

Sans Vanitas News Test Shoots

In the above link is all of the test shoots we did prior to filming, including the test workshop interview. We tested out all of the different lighting that we could do for the green screen studio part. We also tested the audio to see which audio settings would be best for filming. We also tested out the teleprompter as we hadn't used it before, we really enjoyed testing out all of the new equipment. 

Pre-Production Paperwork for Sans Vanitas News

Pre-Production Paperwork

In the above link is all of the pre-production paperwork we did as a group, unfortunately we didn't need to have a storyboard or a shot list as our shots that we had planned were just the studio news anchor on the green screen, the interviewee on screen and the live OB news reporter outside the football stadium so we thought these wouldn't be necessary. I was put in charge of writing the promo script and the main news package script for Sans Vanitas news. I really enjoyed this challenge as it was a different type of script then to what I am used to. The one main issue I had when writing the script was making the dialogue, that both of the news anchors said, sound like something that you would hear in the news. This was a real challenge, but I am very happy with the outcome of both of the scripts.

Content Research for Cryptocurrency and Racism in Football - TV News

https://www.nerdwallet.com/uk/investing/how-to-invest-in-cryptocurrency/

What is cryptocurrency?

• Cryptoassets or Cryptocurrency is a digital currency that can be used to pay for things, instead of using real currency like Great British Pounds or any other currency around the world.

Different types of cryptocurrencies

• Including failed cryptocurrencies, there are around 5,000 to 7,000 cryptocurrencies in existence. The largest cryptocurrency is Bitcoin or BTC, with a market cap of around $856 billion dollars, which is about £634 billion pounds.

• This is then followed by Ethereum or ETH, at a market cap of $357 billion dollars, which is about £264 billion pounds. The third largest cryptocurrency is Binance Coin or BNB, at a market cap of $70 billion dollars, which is £52 billion pounds.

• The fourth largest is called Cardano or ADA, with a market cap of $69 billion dollars, which is £51 billion pounds. The fifth largest is called Tether or UDST, with a market cap of $64 billion dollars, which is £47 billion dollars.

Investing in cryptocurrency

• Investing in cryptocurrencies and Initial Coin Offerings (ICOs) is very risky and highly speculative. If you bought £50 worth of Bitcoin in the year of 2011, it would now, in 2021, be worth more than a shocking amount of a million pounds.

Accountability – Who’s responsible without a central bank

• All cryptocurrencies have one thing in common, they all work separately without the need of a central banking system, when you buy something using cryptocurrency the bank doesn’t handle or check the payment and the bank doesn't even know about the payment.

Untraceable and secure

• One of the best private untraceable currencies is in fact not Bitcoin, but Bytecoin or BCN. The untraceable aspect from BCN is accomplished by ring signatures. Ring signatures are simply string transactions together in a way that makes it hard, but not impossible, to tell them apart from each other. These ring signatures make its transactions opaque, meaning observers can not see who sent the transaction, how much the transaction was and who received it.
• Another cryptocurrency that is one of most secure and most popular is Monero or XMR, this cryptocurrency has been on the rise primarily because it has an ability to help anonymize users, much like Bytecoin, XMR uses ring signatures, but it also uses stealth addresses. Stealth addresses operate by having the sender use a one-time address for every transaction, even if multiple transactions are done with the same recipient. There is however one downside of XMR, if the identity of the wallet owner that is making the transactions becomes known then their transactions can be traced.

Banned in China

China announces complete ban on cryptocurrencies | Science & Tech News

• The People’s Bank of China or PBoC announced the illegality of all cryptocurrency-related financial activities, a translated announcement, about this issue, from the central bank of China said that cryptocurrencies have been “disrupting economic and financial order, breeding illegal and criminal activities such as gambling, illegal fundraising, fraud, pyramid schemes and money laundering and seriously endangering the safety of people’s property”.
• Cryptocurrency mining followed another ban announced in May of this year, 2021, in China on financial institutions and payment companies providing serviced related to cryptocurrencies, causing the value of Bitcoin to decrease by more than 20%.

El Salvador

El Salvador's President Bukele Uses Bitcoin for a Rebrand | Time

• Two years ago, an anonymous American donor sent more than $100,000 in cryptocurrency to a non-governmental organisation that Roman Martinez, a famous Puerto-Rican boxer, works for in El Zonte, a town in El Salvador, to pay for social programs. As the team of workers that works at the NGO began encouraging families and businesses to use Bitcoin, many of the town’s residents, most of whom had never had a bank account before, began saving their money in the currency, making gains as its value surged. Curious tourists flooded into the town and foreign businesses set up shops. The project gave the town El Zonte the nickname “Bitcoin beach”, simultaneously a charitable endeavour and one of the world’s largest experiments in cryptocurrency.

Brazil

Cryptocurrency Ownership Data for Brazil 2021

In Brazil, Bitcoin Acceptance Comes With Rules (additional info on this)

• It is estimated that over 10 million people, which is over 4.9% of Brazil’s total population, currently own cryptocurrency. 92% of Brazilian crypto users are male and regardless of gender, 40% of crypto holders are 20 to 25 years old. The other age groups 26-30 and 31-40 respectively represent 20%.
• Brazil is the fifth country in the world in terms of number of cryptocurrency owners. Brazil leads South America in terms of cryptocurrency-active owners, ahead of Colombia (7.7%), Mexico (5.9%) and Argentina (4%).

Legal Tender

What is legal tender?

• A shop owner can choose what payment they accept. If you want to pay for a pack of gum with a £50 note, the shop owner is legally allowed to turn you down. Likewise for all other banknotes, it is a matter of discretion, meaning it's up to the shop owner if they want to accept or deny your payment.

Future of cryptocurrency as a global currency

Global Cryptocurrency Ownership Data 2021

• As of this year, 2021, the company Triple A, have estimated global cryptocurrency ownership rates at an average of 3.9%, with over 300 million cryptocurrency users worldwide. And over 18,000 businesses worldwide are already accepting cryptocurrency payments.

Guide: What is Bitcoin and how does it work? - CBBC Newsround


Racism in Football Research

Racism at the euros

Racism in football: What do young people think after Euro 2020? - CBBC Newsround

Marcus Rashford

Marcus Rashford on racial abuse he received after EURO 2020 final

• Euros racism in the finals three black English players , Jayden Sancho, Marcus Rashford, Bakoyo Saka missed penalties in the first final England has participated in since 1996. Due to this those players received racial abuse online even going so far as death threats and murals to the players were vandalised. One of said players was only 18 years old at the time of the finals taking place.
• “The UK Football Policing Unit say its investigation team has received more than 600 reports from individuals, charities, clubs and other organisations across the country, and 207 were criminal in nature, with 34 accounts identified as being in the UK.”

Police arrest 11 over racist abuse of England players after Euro 2020 final


Toxic Masculinity in Football Fan Communities

• There is lots to love about football especially when international tournaments like the Euros come around. A community coming together to root for the same cause is enlivening and intoxicating, especially after the social isolation and stress of lockdown. But there’s also a dark side to the sport with some fans. Domestic violence – which is statistically more likely to be perpetrated by men against women – went up by 28% when the national team played during the 2018 World Cup. If England lost, that figure went up to 38%.
• Jolyon Rubinstein said he endured racial abuse as he entered Wembley Stadium for the final, and a mural in honour of Marcus Rashford was vandalised less than an hour after England lost to Italy. It’s important to stipulate that football is not the root cause of racism, violence, or domestic abuse – these are issues that would exist with or without the beautiful game.
• But what is it about something like football that allows it to hold such sway over the kind of people prone to that sort of vile behaviour?. Psychotherapist Noel McDermott tells Metro.co.uk that part of it is down to the sheer amount of alcohol flowing when a big game is on, saying: ‘There is a direct correlation between alcohol consumption and violence.’
• He adds there’s a certain amount of mob mentality at play, comparing the way humans are programmed to go with the flow of a crowd to the movement of a flock of birds and herds of wildebeest. ‘There is a strong pull in being in a large group to conform to its norms,’ he explains.
• ‘If the mob is happy, it is fine. If it is unhappy, then even if a particular individual is fine, they will be overcome by the mood of the mob. ‘There are a variety of processes that take place in large groups that don’t happen in smaller ones – for example, a thing called the bystander effect. A group will watch and not help in a situation where they might normally object, say while watching some bullying or violent attack.

Homophobia in Fan Communities

FA Tackling Homophobia

• As a sport and industry, football continues to embrace the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender (LGB&T) community and there is still more to do to stop these forms of discriminatory abuse.
• Groups and individuals tackling homophobia, biphobia and transphobia in the game engage regularly and established lobby groups like Stonewall, coupled with the emergence of a vibrant fans movement consisting of LGB&T groups linked to professional clubs, means there is more visibility around this area than ever before.
• Campaigns designed to raise awareness of this issue have caught the public’s imagination in recent years. Football v Homophobia began in the UK before developing into an international initiative opposing homophobia at all levels from grassroots to professional clubs. Latterly, the Rainbow Laces campaign focused on promoting acceptance of lesbian, gay, bisexual and trans (LGB&T) footballers, with professional and non-league clubs donning rainbow coloured laces.
• Martin Glenn, chief executive officer at The FA, has made his views on the importance of embracing this issue clear: “This is a time to acknowledge some of the good work taking place in this field by policy makers and campaigners alike. As both leader of The FA, and just as importantly as a fan, I’m proud to see the range of work being done to embrace people from right across the LGB&T community.”

LGBTQ players

End game: Justin Fashanu's final score

• Justin Fashanu (Played for many football teams like Norwich City, Miramar Rangers, Lincoln City, Crystal Palace, Millwall and Aston Villa, was gay (homosexual) born in February 1961 but took his own life on the 2nd of May 1998, on Friday 8th of May of 1998, nearly a week since his death, 6 days, a British newspaper was leaked an excerpt from his suicide note and ran a story sympathetically, headlined “Boy lover blackmailed me”. A month later, a Channel 5 documentary lauded his soccer career. And on Tuesday June 23 – three months after that fateful night in the Ashton Woods apartment – gay activists held a “memorial tribute” in London, dubbing him “a victim of racism and homophobia”.)

Casey Stoney: England captain reveals her sexuality for first time

• Casey Stoney (Centre-back at Arsenal Ladies, Former clubs: Charlton, identifies as a lesbian, she says that “In the past, I made up lies about having a boyfriend or acted a certain way because I felt like that's how I had to act and be accepted by the modern world," Stoney admitted. "But I wasn't happy doing that, because I was always lying, and lying to myself as well." Although Stoney's sexuality is known in women's football, and to her friends and family, she is the best-known lesbian footballer to speak publicly about her personal life in this manner. She said she wanted to help others who might also feel trapped by their identity.

Workshop Video Test Interview - Sans Vanitas News

 

This video above is our test interview we did in one of our workshops, one of the things that we are going to change in the main video is the lighting as we filmed in quite a dark room, so the lighting is a bit too warm, and it is casting a shadow behind me. When it comes to the real thing, we will make sure that the interviewer and the interviewee are 2 metres apart to appeal to COVID guidelines.

Sky Sports News - An Analysis on an entire news programme

Tackling Racism | Sky Sports News | Full programme

In terms of the structure of the broadcast, it was very neat and organised, which makes the company as a whole very professional. When it comes to filming our news broadcast, we will try to stick to a script to make the whole broadcast a lot like this, structure wise but obviously different to avoid any copyright. In terms of the topic, this topic for us, will be mostly used for the live OB or live broadcast which we are planning to film outside of Gillingham Football Stadium as we are focusing on racism specifically in football. With regards to branding, Sky Sports have stuck with the colours of the British flag: red, white and blue; to show where the channel is based, supporting the England football team.

However, with our branding for Sans Vanitas News, we liked the idea of the three colours blending together, so we decided to go from light purple to dark purple. We liked this because it made our logo stand out. We also made our website the same colours to show consistency. According to Kendra Cherry, an author of verywellmind.com suggests that: "People often describe this color as mysterious, spiritual, and imaginative. Purple tends to occur rarely in nature, so it is viewed as rare and intriguing." (Cherry, 2021)

The key word in that quote for me was imaginative, as it shows what we were trying to achieve when deciding on the colours of the logo for Sans Vanitas news. We wanted the logos colour to show our collective imagination and passion for setting up this news channel. Here is the link for the website for Sans Vanitas News: Sans Vanitas News Website.

In terms of graphics, Sky Sports have stuck with the same colour palette for the graphics to present the news anchors names and interviewees, this is what we are planning to do for our news broadcast to keep it looking professional and very formal. If we didn't have any fancy graphics or title screen it might make our news broadcast look very unprofessional and will make us look very lazy.

In connection with presentation methods, we want the broadcast to look very formal and professional so we plan to have the wardrobe for the news anchors to look very smart, much like to what you normally see news anchors wear on the news we see daily, and we are planning to make sure that the studio news anchor doesn't wear anything as that can give some problems to the editor in post-production editing the green screen out. The reason that we are planning this as we want the viewers to think that they are watching a formal news broadcast, like what they see on BBC and ITV etc. If the news anchors didn't dress smartly then it might make the target audience not treat the broadcast seriously, which is what we want them to do.

 Also, to prevent stress on our news anchors learning the script off by heart we are planning to use a teleprompter, a piece of equipment that allows the news anchor to read from a screen which is usually placed above the camera so the news anchor can still make eye contact with the viewers. Another thing that we thought that was vital to try to achieve was the split screen for our interview with our cryptocurrency expert, that way it looks like they are a having an open interview that doesn't feel too pressured. This is because our cryptocurrency expert might not be able to make it in person for an interview so this is our backup plan and we thought it would make the whole broadcast very managerial.

Bibliography:

Cherry, K, 2021. The Color Psychology of Purple. [online] Verywell Mind. Available at: https://www.verywellmind.com/the-color-psychology-of-purple-2795820 (Accessed 12/10/21).

Racism in Football - A News Package Analysis Based on our Live Broadcast

Tackling Racism | Sky Sports News | Full programme

We decided to do our live outside broadcast or OB about specifically racism in football because we thought it was an interesting and a very relevant topic that our target audience would be interested in. This broadcast itself is based on racism as a whole but in our OB we will be focusing on primarily the racism that happens in football because we thought focusing on racism in general would be too much of a broad topic. In this news broadcast, I liked the variety of shots they did interviewing members of the public in different places around the stadium which they were filming at because I think that it gave the whole broadcast a different variety of places to see when interviewing the public.

I liked the visual that Sky Sports used to show the percentage of people experiencing racist chanting, slurs or singing at a football, which came to 86% according to the news broadcast. I think the visual itself gave the broadcast a lot of depth and meaning as the text itself is very bold and in dark colours to make it stand out to the white colours of the stadium background. Additionally, I also liked the statistic itself as it was very valid and admittedly a lot of a higher number than what I anticipated. This statistic makes the members of the public or watchers watching the program think about their actions.

In terms of distinguishing facts and opinions in this particular news broadcast, because this news broadcast was primarily interviews of the public and professionals, I would argue that this news broadcast is predominantly more opinions than facts even though the facts used are arguably very valid and make the whole broadcast very professional. With regards to bias used in this broadcast, there was none that really stood out to me. Some opinions I noticed when Sky Sports were talking to the public about if someone reported some racial abuse to the police would they think the police would do anything about it and most of them said no or they would like to see something be done about it but never had. I find that very appalling because it should be the police's right to want to make members of the public safe and happy in the society they live in.

An activist called Jazlyn Geiger, who is 21 years old, told BBC News that "fear of a bad encounter with the police lives in the mind of every African American. "It makes me think my life can be taken at any given time, just because I have brown skin, because I'm black, because since I was a little girl I've seen the way black people in America are treated and all over the world. It's a really unsettling state of mind to be in."" (BBC News, 2020)

I agree with Geigers statement here as I think it is wrong that people like Jazlyn don't feel very welcome in the society we live in today as I believe in equality for everyone regardless of race, gender etc. One shocking event which I think set the social bar for racism for members of the public was the George Floyd murder that happened outside of a shop in Minneapolis, Minnesota in the United States. A former white police officer, Derek Chauvin, pulled Mr Floyd out of the police cars passengers seat, with Mr Floyd's hands handcuffed and onto the road behind the car, with Mr Floyd lying on the floor, and placed his left knee between Mr Floyd's head and neck, leaving Mr Floyd unable to breathe. After the incident, he was announced dead later on in the evening. 

His death set wave for an uprise in racism protests, and his death also had a massive toll on the football community. Tom Ince, an English professional footballer who currently plays as a Midfielder foe Stoke City F.C. told Sky Sports: "Racism has nothing to do with football and it's something that really needs to be looked at moving forward because football is about football, not whether a player is black or white." (Ince, 2020) 

According to The National Academic Press, Chapter 4 on page 56 they state that: "discrimination can include more than just direct behaviour (such as the denial of employment or rental opportunities); it can also be subtle and unconscious (such as nonverbal hostility in posture or tone of voice). Furthermore, discrimination against an individual may be based on overall assumptions about members of a disadvantaged racial group that are assumed to apply to that individual (i.e., statistical discrimination or profiling). Discrimination may also occur as the result of institutional procedures rather than individual behaviours." (National Academies Press, 2004). This is the exact message that we are trying to implement in the Sans Vanitas broadcast, that discrimination and racism is wrong and should be dealt with.

Bibliography:

National Research Council (2004). Measuring Racial Discrimination. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. Available at: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1z_Nd-wkuijU2EtF7hE3cu2VT3AhNs6kt/view?usp=sharing. (Accessed on 12/10/21)

Sky Sports. (n.d.). George Floyd protests a turning point in fight against racism, says Nigel Reo-Coker. [online] Available at: https://www.skysports.com/football/news/11095/12001648/george-floyd-protests-a-turning-point-in-fight-against-racism-says-nigel-reo-coker. (Accessed 12/10/2021)

US election 2020: Why racism is still a problem for the world’s most powerful country. (2020). BBC News. [online] 30 Oct. Available at: https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/election-us-2020-54738922. (Accessed on 12/10/2021).

Cryptocurrency - A News Package Analysis based on our Studio News Package

How to Become A Bitcoin Millionaire - Panorama

We decided to do our studio news broadcast about cryptocurrency because we think it's a very interesting and important topic to learn about. When analysing this clip from a BBC news broadcast, I saw that it was just specifying on Bitcoin. However, to differentiate between the news broadcast and the news broadcast we are going to make, we are going to specify on cryptocurrency in general, not just on Bitcoin, even though Bitcoin is the most popular option. Another thing we would do differently would be that this part of the news package in the studio only.

One of the things I liked about this news broadcast was the visuals that were presented to the audience, like the gold coins raining from the sky. I think that this added a bit more professionality as the visuals were very relatable to the topic of cryptocurrency. Another visual that I liked was the graph visual where the voiceover was talking about investing in cryptocurrency back in the early years of 2014, I thought it gave the broadcast depth as it had a very factual point. When it comes to the real thing, I think that this would be beneficial to our news broadcast to make it more appealing for our target audience. Another thing that I liked about this news broadcast was it was giving both pros and cons about cryptocurrency and not just specifying on one over the other. This gave a very balanced argument whether to invest in cryptocurrency or not.

In terms of bias, I recognised one term of bias throughout the whole of the news broadcast. A lady by the name of Millie Warham, who has been buying and selling books for over 15 years and now has a new hobby which is investing in cryptocurrency, got told by her son “Don’t do the books anymore, hurry up and become a Bitcoin millionaire, mum!”. I think if anyone else told her to invest in cryptocurrency, she wouldn't have done anything. But because her own son said it, she's being biased to her son, and taking his word for it. I also thought this specific part of the news broadcast was very opinionated as it was their family’s opinion, and it wasn’t based on facts at all. David Ingram, founder of The News Manual website states that opinions: "are different from facts. An opinion is a conclusion reached by someone after looking at the facts. Opinions are based on what people believe to be facts." (Ingram, 2019)

This quote above proves my point, which is that Millie believes that her son telling her about becoming a bitcoin billionaire and how it is so beneficial is facts because it's from a family member, so she has to believe her own son. However, if she was told the exact same thing as her son said but from a complete stranger then her opinion might be completely different. Ronald W. Pies, a Professor of Psychiatry, Lecturer on Bioethics & Humanities at SUNY Upstate Medical University, says: "We can think of distortions of reality as falling along a continuum, ranging from mild to severe, based on how rigidly the belief is held and how impervious it is to factual information. On the milder end, we have what psychiatrists call over-valued ideas. These are very strongly held convictions that are at odds with what most people in the person’s culture believe, but which are not bizarre, incomprehensible or patently impossible". (Pies, 2017)

According to Anna Richardson and Callum Larkin, two authors of shoosmiths.co.uk, writes that: "according to Age UK, approximately 2.4 million over 65s, representing nearly 12 million people, still rely on cash to survive (and are still using chequebooks). They may not have access to the devices that would allow them to go cashless, even if they had the inclination." (Richardson and Larkin, 2021). I also think that this broadcast also used something called the 'Magic Bullet' or the 'Hypodermic Needle' theory to make cryptocurrency come out as a positive experience.

The Hypodermic Needle theory was one of the premature ways of thinking about how the news and other television media impacted audiences. This theory was emerged in the 1920s and 1930s after researchers watched the effect of propaganda during World War One. This linear communication theory suggests that the media messages, that are being portrayed to a passive audience, are injected directly into their heads. This theory suggests that we all read and react to media messages in the same way. However, because the news typically is shown to a passive audience, they read the messages and do not act on them, like an active audience would do. An example of an active audience would be in TV shows where the presenters encourage viewers to email or reach out to the show on social media. An example of this would be a TV show called 'The Last Leg' where the presenters, mainly Adam Hills, to ask for the audience at home to reach out to them on Twitter.

Most of the information in this news broadcast I consider very factual considering all the research I did for this topic for the script.

Bibliography:

Ingram, D (2019). Chapter 56: Facts & opinion. [online] Available at: https://www.thenewsmanual.net/Manuals%20Volume%203/volume3_56.htm. (Accessed on 11/10/2021)

Pies, R.W. (2017, March 2). “Alternative facts”: A psychiatrist’s guide to twisted relationships to truth. [online] The Conversation. Available at: https://theconversation.com/alternative-facts-a-psychiatrists-guide-to-twisted-relationships-to-truth-72469. (Accessed on 11/10/2021)

Richardson, A and Larkin, C. (2021, August 11) Cryptocurrency – The Future of Money? Available at: https://www.shoosmiths.co.uk/insights/articles/cryptocurrency-the-future-of-money. (Accessed 11/10/2021)